Sb National Anthem

Protests during the playing of the United States national anthem have had many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. Such protests have occurred since at least the 1890s, well before 'The Star-Spangled Banner' was adopted and resolved by Congress as the official national anthem in 1916 and 1931, respectively. Earlier protests typically took place during the performance of various unofficial national anthems, including 'My Country, 'Tis of Thee' and 'Hail, Columbia'. These demonstrations include refusal to stand or face the American flag during the playing of the Anthem.

Early examples[edit]

In 1892, three men, including a friend of Ida B. Wells, were lynched by a white mob while in police custody in Memphis, Tennessee, in an event known as the People's Grocery lynching. This act sparked a national outcry. At a meeting of one thousand people at Bethel A. M. E. Church, Reverend W. Gaines called for the crowd to sing the then de facto national anthem, 'My Country, 'Tis of Thee,' but the call was refused, one member of the audience declaring, 'I don't want to sing that song until this country is what it claims to be, 'sweet land of liberty'.^[1][2] The Reverend substituted the Civil War-era song about the abolitionist martyr, 'John Brown's Body'. Well's husband, Ferdinand L. Barnett, closed the meeting appealing for calm and a careful response, but also expressing great frustration and concern that the violence against blacks may one day lead to reprisals.^[1][2]

Early 20th century[edit]

The NFL announced that country star Eric Church and R&B singer Jazmine Sullivan will sing the National Anthem as part of the Super Bowl LV pregame festivities on Feb. 7, while Grammy-winning R&. Protests during the playing of the United States national anthem have had many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. Such protests have occurred since at least the 1890s, well before ' The Star-Spangled Banner ' was adopted and resolved by Congress as the official national. Emmy-nominated musical director Adam Blackstone will arrange and produce Church and Sullivan's rendition of the national anthem. Editor's Picks The Weeknd to headline SB LV halftime show.

Refusal to stand during the national anthem became a widespread form of protest during World War I. In some cases, this was related to protest of conscription.^[3] Newspapers at the time associated the protests with support for socialism,^[4][5]Bolshevism,^[6] or communism. In one case, supporters of anarchistEmma Goldman refused to stand for the national anthem.^[7] The act of protest was very controversial, and many people were highly offended, so that even accidentally remaining seated could result in violence.^[8]

Protests during the anthem continued after World War I. For example, during the build-up towards World War II, a group of students at Haverford College in Philadelphia refused to stand because they felt the custom was leading to 'rabid nationalism'.^[9] In 1943 in Arizona, a federal judge ruled that members of Jehovah's Witnesses cannot be suspended from school for refusing to stand during the national anthem.^[10]

1960s and 1970s[edit]

In the 1960s, refusal to stand during the anthem took place for a number of reasons. In the late 1960s, the protest became increasingly common among athletes and at schools, both as a protest of the Vietnam War and as a protest of nationalism. In December 1968, Chris Wood, co-captain of the Adelbert College basketball team was removed from the team for not standing, saying, 'We believe in the fellowship of man. We don't believe in nationalism.'^[11] Five white high school students were suspended in Cumberland, Maryland in February 1970.^[12] A federal judge Joseph P. Kinneary ordered reinstatement of a pair of students in Columbus, Ohio, saying that forcing anyone to participate in 'symbolic patriotic ceremonies' against their will was a violation of the First Amendment to the US Constitution.^[13] In November 1970, Kaye Stevens refused to sing the national anthem before a NFL game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Kansas City Chiefs, although she had sung the previous week when the Steelers played the New York Jets. She said she was protesting the Steelers planned expenditure of $37 million on the new Three Rivers Stadium when local officials were underfunding treatment for drug users.^[14]

From 1968 onwards, Jimi Hendrix performed an instrumental version using feedback, distortion and other effects to deconstruct the music with the sonic images of rockets and bombs. Common interpretations link this to a protest against the Vietnam War, as opposed to Hendrix's own explanation: 'We're all Americans ... it was like 'Go America!' ... We play it the way the air is in America today. The air is slightly static, see'.^[15]

Donald Sutherland, Gary Goodrow, Peter Boyle, and Jane Fonda developed an anti-war comedy show which featured a skit about people refusing to stand during the anthem which toured about 20 cities in 1971.^[16]

Civil rights movement[edit]

At the same time, Civil Rights became an important cause which led to anthem protests. The 1968 Olympics Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City. After having won gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200 meter running event, they turned on the podium to face their flags, and to hear the American national anthem, 'The Star-Spangled Banner'. Each athlete raised a black-gloved fist, and kept them raised until the anthem had finished. In addition, Smith, Carlos, and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human rights badges on their jackets. In his autobiography, Silent Gesture, Smith stated that the gesture was not a 'Black Power' salute, but a 'human rights salute'. The event is regarded as one of the most overtly political statements in the history of the modern Olympic Games.^[17][18]

In 1969, University of Wyoming coach Lloyd Eaton dismissed 14 black football players who requested to wear black armbands to protest the racial slurs they faced during games, particularly against BYU. When the two teams played in 1971, about 50 students at UW refused to stand during the national anthem and wore black armbands during the game.^[19] Another place where African Americans refused to stand during the anthem in 1971 was at Northern Illinois University basketball games, which led to widespread criticism.^[20]

The protests became widespread, and in some cases, arrangements were made for the anthem to be played before athletes left the locker room. Lew Alcindor, later known as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, began to refuse to stand at UCLA basketball games, and in response the anthem was played before the players left the locker room in the UCLA-University of Washington game.^[21] UCLA's coach John Wooden denied that Alcindor or any other UCLA player he coached had refused to stand for the anthem, while sometimes the anthem was played while the team was in the locker room or even during warm ups.^[22] The same was done when the five starters of Florida State University's basketball team, all African American, played Tulane University in 1971 in New Orleans.^[23]

At the 1972 Summer Olympics, two American 400 m runners, Vincent Matthews (gold medalist) and Wayne Collett (silver medalist), staged a protest on the victory podium, talking to each other and failing to stand at attention during the medal ceremony.^[24] They were banned by the IOC, as Tommie Smith and John Carlos had been in the 1968 Summer Olympics. Since John Smith had pulled a hamstring in the final and had been ruled unfit to run, the United States were forced to scratch from the 4×400 m relay.

Civil rights based protests continued into the late 1970s, In 1978, a student was barred from receiving his diploma in Dayton, Ohio for refusing to sing.^[25]

Turn of the millennium[edit]

On August 24, 1990, Irish pop singer Sinead O'Connor threatened to boycott her scheduled performance that night at the Garden State Arts Center in Holmdel Township, New Jersey, if the U.S. national anthem were played. In her own words, she explained,

I sincerely harbor no disrespect for America or Americans, but I have a policy of not having any national anthems played before my concerts in any country, including my own, because they have nothing to do with music in general ... I am concerned though, because today, we're seeing other artists arrested at their own concerts ... There is a disturbing trend towards censorship of music and art in this country and people should be alarmed over that far more than my actions ...

The Center gave in to her demands, but not without controversy. Frank Sinatra criticized her the following evening while performing at the same venue, stating that he wished that he could 'kick her in the ass.' New York state Senator Nicholas Spano urged people to boycott O'Connor's subsequent show in Saratoga, saying 'I'm sure Ms. O'Connor would be the first to complain if someone tried to censor her performance, yet she is trying to censor the national anthem by refusing to perform where it is played.'^[26]

In the NBA in 1996, Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, guard for the Denver Nuggets, refused to stand during the anthem before games in protest of anti-Islamic rhetoric. He was suspended for his actions and received hostile responses and death threats.^[27][28][29] It was noted at the same time that the Seattle SuperSonics’ Sam Perkins, a Jehovah's Witness, stood apart from his teammates during the national anthem. George Shinn, owner of the Charlotte Hornets, threatened to trade any player who refused to stand.^[30][31] After his suspension, Abdul-Rauf stood, but with his head bowed in silent prayer.^[32]

In 2003, two women's basketball players, Toni Smith of Manhattanville College and Deidra Chatman of the University of Virginia, made headlines for refusing to face the flag during the national anthem. Chatman protested for one game in March 2003 due to her anti-war views in light of the then-ongoing tensions between the U.S. and Iraq.^[33] Smith, who had been boycotting the anthem all season long before being finally noticed in February 2003, said that she was also protesting the United States' involvement in Iraq, as well as a growing disparity between the rich and the poor. During one of her team's games on February 23, 2003, a fan named Jerry Kiley, a self-described Vietnam veteran, ran onto the court and confronted her with an American flag, saying, 'She has not earned the right to disrespect the flag.'^[34]

In 2004, Carlos Delgado of the Toronto Blue JaysMajor League Baseball team decided he would no longer stand during the song, 'God Bless America,' out of protest at America's wars in the Middle East.^[31]

2016–present[edit]

During 2016, several professional athletes protested police brutality during the United States (U.S.) national anthem. The protests began in the National Football League (NFL) after San Francisco 49ersquarterback (QB) Colin Kaepernick sat during the anthem, as opposed to the tradition of standing, before his team's third preseason game of 2016. Kaepernick also sat during the first two preseason games, but he went unnoticed.^[35] The protests have generated mixed reactions and have since spread to other U.S. sports leagues.

Stemming from the Kaepernick controversy, before the beginning of the 2016 World Cup of Hockey tournament in Toronto, Canada, Team USA coach John Tortorella told in an interview that if any one of his players were to sit out during the anthem, they would sit on the bench for the entire duration of the game.^[36]

Before the NFL Buccaneer/Detroit game on Saturday, 12/26/2020, a number of players were kneeling during the National Anthem.Before three of the games on Sunday, 12/27/2020, the National Anthem was not broadcast.The National Anthem was not broadcast before the Monday night football game on 12/28/2020.

1/3/2021 - Packers/Bears - National Anthem not broadcast.
1/3/2021 - Broncos/Raiders - National Anthem not broadcast.
1/10/2021 - Bears/Saints - National Anthem not broadcast.
1/16/2021 - Packers/Rams - National Anthem not broadcast.
1/17/2021 - Saints/Buccaneers - National Anthem not broadcast.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'Not Their Country, The Decatur Herald (Decatur, Illinois) March 29, 1892, page 1'. The Decatur Herald. 1892-03-29. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
2. ^ ^ab'Wouldn't Sing America,' The Evening World (New York, New York) March 28, 1892, page 3'. The Evening World. 1892-03-28. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
3. ^'Clipped From The St. Louis Star and Times'. The St. Louis Star and Times. 1917-06-01. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
4. ^'Asked to Resign, The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California) October 30, 1917, page 13'. The Los Angeles Times. 1917-10-30. p. 13. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
5. ^'Clipped From The Oregon Daily Journal'. The Oregon Daily Journal. 1918-06-18. p. 4. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
6. ^'Clipped From Harrisburg Telegraph'. Harrisburg Telegraph. 1918-12-09. p. 16. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
7. ^'Reds Turned Out at Trial of Emma, The Sun (New York, New York) July 7, 1917, page 4'. The Sun. 1917-07-07. p. 4. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
8. ^'Clipped From The St. Louis Star and Times'. The St. Louis Star and Times. 1917-12-10. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
9. ^'Clipped From Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, The Evening News'. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, The Evening News. 1934-05-31. p. 21. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
10. ^'Clipped From The San Bernardino County Sun'. The San Bernardino County Sun. 1963-08-30. p. 11. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
11. ^'Clipped From El Paso Herald-Post'. El Paso Herald-Post. 1968-12-11. p. 24. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
12. ^'Clipped From The Daily Courier'. The Daily Courier. 1970-02-25. p. 19. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
13. ^'Anthem Protest Pair Reinstated, Lubbuck Avalanche-Journal (Lubbock, Texas) July 8, 1970, page 75'. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. 1970-07-08. p. 75. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
14. ^'Clipped From Traverse City Record-Eagle'. Traverse City Record-Eagle. 1970-11-14. p. 13. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
15. ^Cross 2005, p. 271.
16. ^'Anti-War Show has SRO Crowd, The Troy Record (Troy, New York) March 15, 1927, page 1'. The Troy Record. 1971-03-15. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
17. ^Lewis, Richard (8 October 2006). 'Caught in Time: Black Power salute, Mexico, 1968'. The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
18. ^Brown, DeNeen L. (2017-09-24). 'They didn't #TakeTheKnee: The Black Power protest salute that shook the world in 1968'. Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
19. ^Wyoming President Says Black 14 Issues Remain, The Daily Herald (Provo, Utah) October 21, 1971, page 19, accessed October 21, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7116500//
20. ^Banning Anthem Discraceful Action, Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois) December 20, 1971, page 6, accessed October 21, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7116534//
21. ^Walt Brown, Athletes, Celebrities Personal Moments: The 60s and 70s, AuthorHouse, Mar 10, 2016
22. ^Hy Gardner, 'Glad You Asked That,' The Indiannapolis Star, Dec. 06, 1969, 86 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/62382199/alcindor-at-ucla-stand-for-anthem/
23. ^FSU Starters Refuse to Stand for Anthem, Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico) January 14, 1971, page 25, accessed October 21, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7116445//
24. ^Schiller, K.; Young, C. (2010). The 1972 Munich Olympics and the Making of Modern Germany. Weimar and now. University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-26213-3. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
25. ^'Won't Sing Anthem, so no Diploma, The Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) June 4, 1978, page 10'. The Pantagraph. 1978-06-04. p. 10. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
26. ^'Legislator Urges Boycott Over Sinead's Anthem Ban'. Los Angeles Times. Times-Mirror Co. Times Wire Services. p. 10. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
27. ^Home, Hostile Home, New York Times (August 8, 2013)
28. ^Jim Hodges (March 13, 1996). 'NBA Sits Abdul-Rauf for Stance on Anthem'. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
29. ^Jackson, Sarah J. Black Celebrity, Racial Politics, and the Press: Framing Dissent. Routledge, 2014. p117-118
30. ^McCallum, Jack, 'Oh Say Should We Sing?'Sports Illustrated, March 25, 1996, accessed October 21, 2016.
31. ^ ^abAbrams, Roger I. Playing Tough: The World of Sports and Politics. UPNE, 2013. p4
32. ^Abrams 2014, p 125
33. ^Reedy, Jim (March 4, 2003). 'U-Va. Protest Takes an About Face'. Washington Post. WP Company. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
34. ^Pennington, Bill (February 26, 2003). 'Player's Protest Over the Flag Divides Fans'. New York Times. NY Times Company. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
35. ^Sandritter, Mark (2016-09-11). 'A timeline of Colin Kaepernick's national anthem protest and the NFL players who joined him'. SB Nation. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
36. ^'Tortorella 'will sit' any Team USA player who protests anthem - Sportsnet.ca'. Sportsnet.ca. Retrieved 2017-02-12.

• Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion. ISBN978-0-7868-8841-2.

National symbols of Russia

The word list

symbol [ˈsɪmbəl] символ

symbolic [sɪmˈbɔlɪk] символический

flag [flæg] флаг

anthem [ˈænθəm] гимн

coat of arms [kəʊt əv ɑːmz] герб

purity [ˈpjʊərɪtɪ] – чистота

perfection [pəˈfekʃn] - совершенствование

constancy [ˈkɔnstənsɪ] – постоянство

faith [feɪθ] – вера, верование

loyalty [ˈlɔɪəltɪ] – преданность, верность

bloodshed [ˈblʌdʃed] – кровопролитие

crown [kraun] корона

orb [ɔ:b] шар, держава

scepter [’septə] скипетр

state [steɪt] государство, государ-

ственный

power [’pauə] власть

unity [’ju: nətɪ] единство;

сплочённость

-National Flag

1. Fill in the gaps. Use the words from the box.

The Russian Flag

The flag has ___________ wide stripes on it. The stripes are white, ____________ and _____________.

The colours of the flag are symbolic. __________ is peace, purity, perfection, blue is ___________, red is _____________.

-National Emblem

2. Fill in the gaps. Use the words from the box.

The Double-Headed Eagle.

The double-headed eagle is the emblem of _______________. There are three crowns above the heads. The eagle has a scepter the symbol of _______________, and an _______________, the _______________of unity. You can see _______________ on the chest of the eagle. It is the symbol of love for the homeland.

-The National Anthem of the Russian Federation.

3. Are these statements trueor fals? Correct the false ones.

1.The composer of the anthem of the Russian Federation was Mikhail Glinka.

2.The song is an adaptation of the anthem of the Soviet Union

3.The author of the lyrics was A. Alexandrov.

4. The public attitude of the anthem was different.

5. President Vladimir Putin decided that Alexandrov's music was to be restored, and that new lyrics should be written for it.

The word list

symbol [ˈsɪmbəl] символ

symbolic [sɪmˈbɔlɪk] символический

flag [flæg] флаг

anthem [ˈænθəm] гимн

coat of arms [kəʊt əv ɑːmz] герб

purity [ˈpjʊərɪtɪ] – чистота

perfection [pəˈfekʃn] - совершенствование

constancy [ˈkɔnstənsɪ] – постоянство

faith [feɪθ] – вера, верование

loyalty [ˈlɔɪəltɪ] – преданность, верность

bloodshed [ˈblʌdʃed] – кровопролитие

crown [kraun] корона

orb [ɔ:b] шар, держава

scepter [’septə] скипетр

state [steɪt] государство, государ-

ственный

power [’pauə] власть

unity [’ju: nətɪ] единство;

сплочённость

National Flag

1. Fill in the gaps. Use the words from the box.

The Russian Flag

The flag has __ three ___ wide stripes on it. The stripes are white, _____ blue__ and ___red________.

The colours of the flag are symbolic. ___ White _____ is peace, purity, perfection, blue is constancy, faith and loyalty , red is energy, and bloodshed

National Emblem

2. Fill in the gaps. Use the words from the box.

Sb National Anthem 2021

The Double-Headed Eagle.

The double-headed eagle is the emblem of __ Russia __. There are three crowns above the heads. The eagle has a scepter the symbol of the sign of state power , and an orb, the symbol of unity. You can see a horseman on the chest of the eagle. It is the symbol of love for the homeland.

-The National Anthem of the Russian Federation.

3. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1.The composer of the anthem of the Russian Federation was Mikhail Glinka. (F) The composer the anthem of the Russian Federation was Alexander Alexandrov.

2.The song is an adaptation of the anthem of the Soviet Union (T)

3.The author of the lyrics was A. Alexandrov.(F) The author of the lyrics was S. Mikhalkov

4. The anthem, without lyrics, was very popular.(F) The anthem, without lyrics, was not popular.

5. President Vladimir Putin decided that Alexandrov's music was to be restored, and that new lyrics should be written for it.(T)

Symbols of Russia — official and non-official

Symbols of Russia — official and non-official
The national symbols of Russia are a part of the cultural heritage of the country which has given the country its national identity.
The official and non-official symbols play an important role in formation of a country and a nation’s image; they build up its recognition.

Sb National Anthem Over Under

Symbols of Russia and Russians are quite diverse. There are only three official, i.e. authorized by law, symbols of the state — the flag, emblem and anthem. But there are a lot of informal symbols, which are often much more famous and popular.
I’d like to tell you about these symbols of Russia. At first

official symbols:

How Long Was Sb National Anthem

Sb National Anthem

National Flag of Russia

The national flag of Russia is a tri color flag-white color which lies on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. White stands for nobility and frankness; blue symbolizes loyalty, honesty, chastity and scarlet represents self-sacrifice, generosity and love. While some Russians believe that red means the land, blue stands for sky, and white symbolizes heaven.
The current Russian flag was adopted on August 21, 1991 just before the country became an independent state. Most historians trace the origin of Russia’s flag to Peter the Great. In 1699, out of hundreds of different flags, Peter selected the flag similar to the flag of the Netherlands — white, blue and red flag. His design was used as a Russian maritime flag for merchant ships and then it was adopted as the civil flag of Russia in 1883.

2. Two-headed Eagle
The two-headed eagle first appeared in Russia, during the time of Moscovia, in the 15th century. Two-headed eagle has been the symbol of the monarchy of Russia for more than four hundred years. But with the advent of Russian revolution and dethroning of the Tsar Empire, it was on the verge of extinction. In 1993, under the initiative of President Boris Yeltsin it was again adopted on 30th November 1993.
The two heads of the eagle stands for the two parts of vast Russian empire — European and Asian, which are believed to be an important part of the country of Russia.
There are three historical crowns of Peter the Great above the two-headed eagle (they are symbols of the sovereignty both in Russia as a whole and in its parts). The eagle holds in claws sceptre and orb as embodiment of State power and united state.
On its chest there is a horseman – Russian St. George – who is killing an evil snake with his spear. That is one of the oldest symbols of victory of Russia against all its enemies, symbol of the struggle of good against evil, light against gloom.

National Anthem of Russia

For a long time Russia had no anthem. The various church hymns and military marches were used to honour the Russia up to 1816, when the “Молитва русских“ («Prayer of the Russians») by Russian poet V. Zhukovskii was chosen as the national anthem.
The second official anthem “Боже, царя храни“ was presented in 1833, on December 25th , when the nation celebrated the expulsion of the French from Russia. That anthem existed until the October revolution of 1917 and was replaced to the new anthem of the victorious proletarian revolution — «International» — in 1918.
In 1944, the national anthem of Russia was accepted. The music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov and the lyrics were written by Russian Federalist Sergey Mikhalkov.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993, a government commission and President Yeltsin offered a new national anthem “Патриотическая песня“ («Patriotic Song») by M. Glinka. However this anthem was unpopular and didn’t inspire Russians. People preferred the old Soviet anthem instead of it.

1st stanza:
Russia, our holy country!
Russia, our beloved country!
A mighty will, a great glory,
Are your inheritance for all time!

Refrain:
Be glorious, our free Fatherland!
Eternal union of fraternal peoples,
Common wisdom given by our forebears,
Be glorious, our country! We are proud of you!

2nd stanza:
From the southern seas to the polar region
Spread our forests and fields.
You are unique in the world, inimitable,
Native land protected by God!

3rd stanza:
Wide spaces for dreams and for living
Are opened for us by the coming years
Faithfulness to our country gives us strength
Thus it was, so it is and always will be!

Sb 54 National Anthem

Foreigners have many stereotypes about Russian life.
The stereotypical understanding is that Russia is a faraway, snowy country, where one must wear a furcoat and valenki (felt boots), people do nothing but drink vodka and play balalaikas, while bears are leaving their forest homes to go walking down village streets. However, the reality of our life is very far from this idyllic myth: balalaikas, bears, and felt boots have more or less become symbols of Russia rather than attributes of everyday life.